![]() The western world is stereotyped as inherently dominant, and this is the case in Madame Butterfly. ![]() The power dynamics in the play are also reversed from those in the original play. Butterfly plays with these stereotypes and inverts them by putting Song in the position of the deceiver and Gallimard as the deceived. The opera also perpetuates stereotypes about the quiet, beautiful, feminine “Oriental” opera singer and the masculine, aggressive American man. Each of these works makes a commentary on the relationship between the East and the West. The opera Madame Butterfly looks at relations between Japan and the United States, while Hwang’s play involves China and France. ![]() ![]() David Henry Hwang uses intercultural relations, racial and gender stereotypes, and power dynamics to satirize and transform the opera Madame Butterfly into a new story of deception, fantasy, and complicated love in his play M. ![]()
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